The need to worry about hidden cameras has increased over the years because the technology is now so readily available and widely used. You can buy a camera hidden in just about anything these days, from books to watches and everything in between. They are getting more difficult to recognize even up close and this is where a good Hidden Camera Detector can make all the difference.
Hidden Camera Detector technology has improved over time just like cameras so you can easily protect yourself from having your privacy invaded. This should be something you think about whenever you use a public restroom, changing or locker room since a video of that event could wind up on the internet being viewed by thousands of perverts for years to come.
Hidden cameras can be wired, wireless or even self recording. This means that whichever Hidden Camera Detector you choose needs to be able to detect all three if you want maximum protection.
Wireless cameras are the easiest to detect because of their RF or Radio Frequency. This is a signal that the wireless camera gives off the entire time it is powered on. Your Hidden Camera Detector should easily alert you to the presence of the RF signals and then you just need to either leave or if you want proof, narrow down the location. This can be done by the use of the signal strength meter on your Hidden Camera Detector. The closer you get to the source, the stronger the signal.
Wired and self recording hidden cameras do not give off RF signals like the wireless cameras so they are a bit tougher to locate. This is where the eyepiece of your Hidden Camera Detector comes into play.
You simply look through the specially made eyepiece and any video camera lenses within a few feet will flash red so you will know exactly where they are located. At that point you can contact the authorities and put a stop to their bad behavior.
Out of the 3 types of hidden cameras, the wired and self recording models are most likely the types of camera you will run into in public settings. Wireless cameras are best suited for situations where you are not able to run a wire and are usually used in private homes.
This is the reason you would be best served by purchasing a Hidden Camera Detector that can handle all 3 types of cameras so you are ensured the maximum protection when out in public.
Training yourself to become a better fighter doesn’t necessarily mean that every weekend you are encouraged to frequent sports pubs and engage in physical altercations. In fact, becoming involved with close combat training can effectively enhance your ability to defend yourself in those unexpected situations.
I think we all understand which situations I’m speaking; the one where you’re simply minding your own business on a street corner when somebody approaches you with demeaning words and unwarranted anger – this is where learning how to defend yourself physically can come in quite handy, because it’s almost certain that this person advanced with the intention to fight.
In short, MMA or mixed martial arts is defined as a full contact combat sport, and it permits a large variety of fighting methods, including those of tradition and non-tradition. This means that grappling, as well as striking, is allowed. Most fights actually end in a grapple, followed by a submission move (i.e. arm bar). Congruently, this is why learning mixed martial arts for self defense is so beneficial. It’s true that most physical altercations, whether they are during after hours at a town bar or in the parking lot outside of a gym, almost always end up on the ground in a furious jostle for position.
But if you truly want to subdue your attacker, you must learn the various styles and techniques of handling your opponent while you’re both on the ground. A take-down is typically followed by the most common hybrid of “ground and pound,” where you have your foe on his back while sitting on top of him throwing devastating punches. But MMA ground fighting isn’t always defined by clinching mixed with knees, elbows and punches to the face. In fact, it’s what’s known as “submission grappling” that gives note to a well rounded MMA fighter.
When I say submission grappling, I mean putting your adversary in a choke-hold and/or any of the following:
• Joint locks
• Arm-locks
• Leg-locks
• Clinch holds
• Compression locks
• Pain compliance
• Pinning
There are a few intricate others, including the “Grapevine”, but these are the top categories that define submission holds. These are a part of many different disciplines including Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, Catch Wrestling, Judo, Sambo, Shootwrestling, Pankration and more.
Let’s not forget one of the most important elements and differentiators to boxing; kickboxing/Muay Thai. Certain MMA fighters specialize in areas like kickboxing provided they’re strongest in that area. The same goes for clinching and ground and pound – fighters will determine their strong areas during practice and routine, effectively mastering their most powerful kick and/or submission move. This is evident while viewing any MMA fight. You’ll notice that some MMA fighters almost always strike at the hips, venturing into a takedown and eventually ending the fight in submission while others enjoy staying on their feet and throwing lots of punches.
Nevertheless, all of these traditional styles and disciplines mixed with a combination of modern or non-tradition styles envelope what we commonly refer to as Mixed Martial Arts today. The sport is growing in popularity. Congruently, more people are taking an interest into learning some of these self defense techniques. Not only does engaging in such activity come with the ability to defend, but it naturally enhances fitness.
___________________________________________________________ By: Brent Jacobs of MMA Industries, distributor of extreme MMA Gear and MMA T-shirts.
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It seems that no matter where you live as long as you have neighbors, you will have a neighbor that has at least one vicious out of control dog. You know the ones that always get loose and either come after you while you are in your own yard or when you try to walk by yourself or with your dog on a leash.
It can get so bad that you have to drive to a different area just to be able to walk your dog or yourself without fear of attack from some crazed dog that should be secured so it can not get out. As such, you may find yourself in need of some way to protect yourself from dog attacks.
Thankfully there are some inexpensive products that you can purchase that will help to protect you from dog attacks. Here are just a few of these products:
• Mace Muzzle Canine Repellent – In simple terms, this is pepper spray that is specifically designed to be the most effective on canine breeds of all types. Much like pepper sprays for people, Canine Pepper Spray is meant to cause a lot of pain and disable the aggressive animal from being able to attack you. It shoots up to 10 feet away so you can spray before the dog gets close enough to bite you.
• Telescopic Stun baton – This option also uses pain to persuade an aggressive dog to go away but it also has the added effects of sight and sound. When you discharge the Telescopic Stun Baton, even just in the air, it is very loud and disturbing. Dogs can sense trouble and they know to run from electricity which is why most dogs go nuts during electrical storms.
• Expandable Steel Baton – Obviously with this you just want to start swinging and aim for the nose or mouth area of the dog. This should be a last ditch option as you can either cause serious damage to the dog if not outright kill it. This option should only be exercised when a human life is truly in mortal danger.
• Ultrasonic Dog Repellent – This is by far the most humane option of all the items on this list and would be the one I would recommend the most. It is a hand-held device about the size of a cell phone that emits a 130 decibel ultrasonic frequency that hurts the dog’s ears. It also uses bright flashing LED lights to help drive off an aggressive dog. It works up to 40 feet away so you can have plenty of time to act. The Ultrasonic Dog Repellent does not do any permanent damage but will convince a dog to head the other way. If you are a dog lover than this will definitely be your best option for protection from dog attacks.
No normal person wants to hurt a dog but there are situations where there is no other choice than to defend your own life from an attack by using some type of force. All of the options on this list with the exception of the Steel Baton are meant to simply scare off the animal without permanent damage.
If you know a young man that is either going to be or already is attending college than you need to consider his safety while he is away from home and help him to be prepared for anything life decides to throw at him. Too many people are under the misconception that the only victims are women and this is not the truth.
Besides the basic safety talk about avoiding drugs and alcohol as well as driving with idiots, you need to be sure he is thinking about his personal safety while he is out and about.
Here are just a few of the best self defense products for male college students that he can use to increase his level of safety while away at college:
• Diversion Safe – He can use one in his car and one in his dorm room to help hide his valuables from theft. Diversion safes come in all types of everyday products that people will not give a second look. They are very inexpensive and quite effective in hiding your items in plain sight.
• Door Brace – This can be used to secure his dorm room door without the need to permanently install anything you just extend it and brace it up against the door. Best of all the Door Brace is portable so he can take it with him as he travels to help provide safety in hotel rooms, apartments or any place he wants to make sure he can sleep without fear of attack.
• Pepper Spray – This is a great self defense device for both men and women. Even if he never needs to defend himself he made need to defend someone else and Pepper Spray can give him the edge he needs to do so safely.
• Expandable Baton – If you get the flashlight option he can keep it in his car to help with an emergency like a breakdown, an attempted car jacking or even a submerged vehicle. An Expandable Baton has many uses and for the price it is more than worth the money.
• Kubotan – This little device is very inexpensive as it is usually around five dollars. It can serve many purposes and does not really require any kind of training. A Kubotan is more of a use however you need it type of item since it can defend you from attack by using it as a stabbing device or flail. It too can be used in a car emergency kit as well since it can be used to break out a window if needed.
With the items on this list you can help to ensure your son has at least a fighting chance to defend himself or someone else should the need arise whether it be in his home or his vehicle.
It appears Texas is about to attempt to follow Arizona’s lead by reforming their current immigration laws.
What confuses me the most is that it isn’t already against state law to be an ILLEGAL immigrant since it is against federal immigration laws.
But everyone now is freaking out stating “there will be racial profiling” but there is such an easy fix that should have been in place all along.
EVERYONE should have to carry proof of citizenship and EVERYONE gets checked when they have police contact, period!
It is just that easy. That way there is no profiling because EVERYONE regardless of race, color, creed or religion will be getting checked. How hard is that? Not hard at all!
The fact that this is an issue amazes me. How dare we try and secure our borders and determine who is here criminally, hence the ILLEGAL immigrant moniker, right? I mean it isn’t like terrorists would ever use our wide open borders to sneak in and attack us, not on our soil right?
Living in Texas I can completely relate with Arizona’s desire to do something to fix this giant issue of illegal immigration. It is such a mess in these border states that unless you live here you may not realize.
I have nothing against anyone wanting to make a better life for themselves, that is what we all want for ourselves. What issue I have is with how they are going about it.
Entering our country illegally, no matter the reasoning behind it, is a crime plain and simple. Saying it is ok to do that is no different then telling someone it is ok to rob someone or sell drugs or steal to make a better life for their family.
Committing a crime is not an acceptable way to make a better life for you or your loved ones. It really is that simple.
I have said it before and will again, if you jumped the border and got caught in Mexico illegally it comes with a 2 year prison term followed by immediate and PERMANENT deportation for the first offense!!
Illegal immigrants are a drain on our economy and are a danger. Do you really believe that terrorists don’t realize they can just jump the border from Mexico to the US and get right by all of our precautions set up to keep them out? Our borders are wide open and we will pay for it in the long run.
As for the Mexican President’s remarks in regards to Arizona’s law changes he may want to keep him mind on his own issues. Mexico is a giant toilet and the Mexican President should be more concerned with getting his country back from the criminals and making it a place that it citizens don’t abandon like rats on a sinking ship.
He is spent more energy on making his country a better place we may not have such an issue with his people here to deal with.
Let me state this one more time though. ILLEGAL IMMIGRANTS = CRIMINALS hence the illegal in front of the immigrants! Their reasons do not matter at all as mine wouldn’t should I get caught jumping the border into Mexico or if I committed a crime to feed my family. Crime is crime.
With the tough economic times we live in right now, more folks are turning to crime and this can lead to a rise in residential home burglaries. Thankfully, there are some economical ways to help bring down your likelihood of falling victim to this brand of crime.
Whenever you park your car in your driveway or in the street be sure the windows are rolled all the way up, the doors are locked and you hide any items you leave in your car. The less items you leave out in plain sight the less the temptation to break into your vehicle. If you keep your garage door opener in your car be sure it is secured. Most people don’t lock their garage door entrance into the house so if someone gets your garage door opener they can come right into your home.
Employ motion activated lights on all sides of your house to ensure that a criminal cannot use the dark to hide as he attempts to break into your home.
Keep bushes trimmed short and slender so that no one can hide
behind them and use them as cover for a break in or attack. Do not make it simple for a criminal to use your landscaping against you.
Install Dummy Surveillance Cameras in extremely visible locations. They are virtually indistinguishable from actual surveillance cameras and are very effective and inexpensive to acquire. They will absolutely give the illusion that you have a full size surveillance system in place.
Get “bump proof” deadbolts for all of your outside entrance doors. Bumping a lock is a method that involves making a special key that can be placed in any vulnerable lock and subsequently tapped on the end to unlock the deadbolt in a matter of seconds. If the lock doesn’t say it is bump proof than it means it is most likely vulnerable to this type of access.
Employ an inexpensive alarm system like the Voice Alert Alarm
System. You can setup sensors inside vulnerable areas, including your driveway, and be alerted by voice should something trigger the sensor. Best of all, you will know precisely where the trespass is originating from as you can record your own message for each zone.
With just a small amount of effort on your part you can greatly lower your probability of falling victim to a home burglary without spending a fortune on elaborate alarm systems. Bear in mind common sense also goes a long way to increasing your safety so use your head.
Yesterday it must have looked like something out of a movie when the police decided to open fire on a vehicle containing a bank robber.
The entire time I was reading the news story I just couldn’t believe it was true since it was just so unthinkable.
The car the bank robber happen to carjack at a nearby Wendy’s was occupied by a woman and her two small children.
For some reason that is unfathomable, the police decided to shoot at the criminal while he was doing the carjacking in the middle of the day on a Saturday. This is in a Wendy’s parking lot!
Evidently they were unable to hit their “intended target” at this point so some other officers down the street came out shooting at the car as it passed by on the street. It sounds like they were on both sides shooting at the guy.
Now when I say they kept shooting I mean they kept shooting some reported 42 rounds! They fired at a car containing an innocent woman, her 7 year old step daughter and 2 year old son!
In all they shot they poor 2 year old boy 2 times. Once in the arm and the other time in the upper torso. The mother of the boy, 35 year old Joann Cooper, was hit in the foot during this nightmare.
The poor little boy is still listed in critical condition by last reports. Now I don’t know about you but I find this situation unacceptable.
This wasn’t a heavily armored man wielding automatic weapons, shooting everyone in sight. No, this was some idiot 357 pistol wielding moron.
I can’t imagine any reasoning on these officers part that can justify firing 42 times at a car containing 3 innocent victims. The police should not be the cause of harm to innocent citizens.
This isn’t the old west and we don’t go around having absolute crazy, unnecessary shoot outs in our heavily populated streets! Furthermore, 42 shots? 42? Really?
It sounds like the Jacksonville police department needs to learn HOW to shoot a gun properly and all of those officers involved in this mayhem should be brought up on charges and fired from their jobs.
I can only hope and pray that poor little boy is able to make it through and that his entire family can somehow put this behind them as much as possible.
It is too bad Joann didn’t have a pepper spray or stun gun to repel this idiot before he could get into her car to begin with before they were shot at.
In your golden years the only thing you should have to worry about is how to enjoy the remainder of your life to the fullest but sadly that is not the case.
Now, more than ever, senior citizens need to worry about their personal safety and do what they need to in order to remain safe.
1. Auto Dialer alarm system for your home. Criminals enjoy preying on the elderly and this can keep you from coming home to an intruder. It will call you if it detects motion in your home and you can then call the police instead of walking in on the criminal.
2. Electronic Dog Chaser. This will help keep you safe as you walk around your neighborhood or local parks. It emits a 130db ultrasonic frequency as well as utilizing pulsing lights to scare off aggressive dogs. This is perfect for you as you walk your dog or simply walk by yourself out in public where there is a risk of an off leash dog attacking you.
3. Runt Mini Stun gun. It is a very small, light and easy to use stun gun. It fits nicely in your hand or pocket and can be used on the attacker even if he is touching you since the electricity will not pass through to you.
4. A small, lightweight Pepper Spray for your key chain. If you happen to use any type of wheel chair or walker, you can hide one in the pocket of the chair so you always have it on hand. Be sure to aim for the eyes and get to safety as quick as you possibly can.
5. Personal alarms. They are a must have addition to your safety tool chest. When you need assistance, having the 110db alarm can mean the difference between life or death. This is true for security as well as medical situations. Should you need help for any reason, a Personal alarm can help get you the attention you need.
All of the items on this list are lightweight and very easy to use which is something you should be sure any self defense weapon you may choose has for a feature.
The last thing you need is more stress when trying to protect yourself from an attack.
During the holiday season people seem to completely loose their minds and as a result the crime rate shoots through the roof.
Unless you want your holiday season to include becoming a victim, you should take a few simple steps to stay safer.
1. Regardless of the time of year people tend to keep too much out in plain sight inside their vehicles. People keep loads of spare change, mp3 players, expensive sneakers and even purses right out in plain sight. All this serves to do is entice criminals to break out your windows and reach in and grab your stuff since it only takes a few seconds.
2. Utilize the buddy system it is a good idea for more than one reason. If you must unload packages into your car be sure you have someone to either stay in the car or drive the packages back to your home. If done right you can safely knock out the holiday shopping for you and your 1 or 2 of your friends or family members
3. Never place packages inside the car if you can avoid it. Just covering things up with a blanket will not do enough to disguise your items and keep crooks away. The best place to place packages in your car while you finish shopping would be inside of the trunk. Just be very careful while unloading.
4. Carry some sort of key chain pepper spray or even a stun gun to ensure should something bad happen you have some sort of defensive weapon.
5. As you go to either get into or out of your vehicle, you need to be paying attention to who is in the parking lot with you. I personally know a man who just got jumped by 4 men a week ago. They severely beat and robbed him after he left a store and went to get into his car. If you feel weird or see anyone who makes you nervous, park somewhere else or leave altogether since it is better to be safe than sorry.
The biggest thing you can do to remain safe during this or any holiday season is to use your head for something more than just a hair holder!
A little common sense can go a long way to helping to keep you safe while you enjoy the holiday season.
In order to learn how to properly use a stun gun you need at least some idea of how it works. In the most simplistic of terms, they use high voltage and low amperage to temporarily disable your assailant and provide you with what hopefully will be enough time to escape.
When you press the trigger the electricity stored in the stun gun will instantly dump into the assailant’s muscles causing them to do a great deal of work very rapidly. This instantly depletes the energy supply for his muscles and his body is unable to function properly. The stun gun also interrupts the tiny neurological impulses that control muscle movement and it overwhelms the assailant’s nervous system with electricity.
Although the word gun is in the name, stun guns do not fire out anything at all and can only be used up close by pressing and holding it against your assailant. In order for the stun gun to achieve its effectiveness, you need to hold it against your assailant’s body for more than 1 full second.
Less than 1 second will simply cause some minor muscle contractions and will have a repelling effect, the effect goes away almost immediately after removal from contact. Touch your assailant for 1 to 4 seconds and it should cause them to fall to the ground and it may also cause some mental confusion. The effect also goes away almost immediately after removal from contact. A full 5 seconds or more should cause the assailant to become disoriented and off balance causing him to fall to the ground. It should then leave him weakened and dazed for a few minutes afterward although the actual time will vary by person.
The stun gun is effective on all parts of the body but it is most effective when used on certain areas of your assailant. The lower abdomen area is a prime target area you want to aim for and this includes right under the ribcage and the upper hip areas as well.
Another prime target area should be the upper shoulder and neck region and using it in these areas will help to maximize the effectiveness of the stun gun you are using at the time. There is also no need to worry if your assailant happens to be touching you when you stun him, the electrical current will not pass through to your body. This is especially helpful if he grabs you to try and drag you off to a secondary location.
As I mentioned earlier, stun guns are designed to help buy you a chance to get away from your assailant. You should try and give him a full 5 second jolt if at all possible . If you have a self defense spray with you, spray him before you run off to try to stop him from being able to chase you. Also be sure you scream as you run away for help. You want to do your best to attract as much attention to your plight as possible.
Parking garages are common hunting grounds for many lowlife criminals who just lay in wait for some unsuspecting woman to come along. They seem to like these types of structures due to the fact that there are many ways to exit the structure and usually not much in the way of surveillance cameras or security.
Another benefit to criminals is that there are many places to hide and wait for a victim. This is a problem people, especially women, need to keep in mind as they walk through the parking garage to their vehicle.
There are a few simple tips you can follow that will help to lower your odds of falling victim to attack within a parking garage.
• If you have a car alarm, which you should, be sure that if it has the feature that allows you to turn on your inside lights with your remote be sure it is enabled and that you use it. It will help to expose anyone that may be hidden inside of the car should they find a way past the alarm.
• Be sure to carry at least one type of self defense weapon such as a pepper spray or a personal alarm or even a stun gun. Not only do you want to have it but have it out and ready to be used.
• As you walk look around and listen. Don’t be on the phone and not paying attention as it makes you too appealing a target.
• If the building you are coming from or the parking garage has security, ask to be walked out to your vehicle or walk with a friend and then drive them to their vehicle.
• Take a self defense class. Not only is it a great way to boost your self esteem it is a great way to get healthier while preparing yourself should you ever need to save your own life.
One of the main ways to help lower your odds of attack whether it is in a parking garage or anywhere else is to make yourself look like a bad target. Criminals don’t want people who look like they are prepared to defend themselves, it is much easier to wait for a weak person to come by.
One of the key places that women can find themselves most vulnerable to attack is while getting into or out of their vehicle. With just a little prudent behavior on your part, you can lower your odds of ever being attacked this way even more.
Here are simple tips to follow:
• Be sure as you get in and out of your car you are looking around. Most of the women who get attacked at their cars are not paying attention to their surroundings.
• If your car alarm has the ability to turn the inside light on for you be sure it is active and that you take a second to check your backseat before you get into your car.
• Try and always park in a well light and public area. You don’t want dumpsters or bushes near where you will park as they are perfect hiding spots for criminals to wait for their next victim.
• It may sound silly but you really need to take a second to look underneath your car before you get too close.
• Be careful not to park next to any types of van. It is far too easy for someone to grab you and drag you into the van as you pass by the doors.
• You may have heard this a million times before but here is one million and one for you. There really is safety in numbers, it doesn’t guarantee your safety but it surely does help to lower your odds even further. So try and travel with a friend when at all possible and this goes for both day and evening hours. Plenty of bad things occur in the light of day so don’t let that lull you into a false sense of security.
• Carry and prepare yourself mentally to use, self defense weapons of some type. Preferably a Mace Pepper Spray and/or a Stun Gun as well as a personal alarm. It is better to have them and not need them than to need them and not have them with you.
The objective here is not to be scared but instead be informed and prepared. With just a little effort on your part, which could easily become routine, you can significantly lower your odds even more of ever being attacked while getting into or out of your car.
It is sad but many people do not see the benefits to carrying a personal alarm, especially for a woman, child or senior citizen. I can personally think of quite a few instances where an inexpensive personal alarm could easily be used to save your life.
Say for example you are walking to your car in the back of a parking lot at night and some man jumps out and grabs you from behind covering your mouth. Even if there are people in the parking lot that could come to your aid, how would you get their attention if your mouth is covered?
If you had a personal alarm on your key chain you could set it off and then you can bet that anyone with your immediate area would be alerted to your plight. Mouth covered or not a 100+ decibel personal alarm will get you the attention you need if not scare off the attacker altogether.
The last thing that most of the violent criminals out there want during an attack on a victim is attention being drawn to the activity.
This goes for children as well. It is hard to find a responsible self defense weapon that we can give to our children, even the younger ones. But this is where the personal alarm is just the right tool for the job.
Since it isn’t an offensive weapon it can be given to much younger children to use in case some creep tries to grab them. Once again the hope being someone will hear and help or the scumbag will just run away.
Another perfect example would be when a woman finds herself being followed by someone. She can run off screaming fire while initiating her personal alarm to help ensure maximum attention being drawn to her.
As I am sure you can see the goal in each example is to take what could be a stealth crime which is what the criminal wants and make it as loud as possible and hopefully change the outcome as a result.
This is also useful for senior citizens. It is not always easy to signal for assistance when you need it even in public. With a personal alarm a senior citizen can up their odds of getting assistance when they need it be it for medical or security reasons.
Personal alarms come in various forms and features such as having built in lights and safety straps. You should be sure to think about what you will want to carry and use as a personal alarm so you find the best one for you.
It would be nice if the world we lived in was one where a woman could go about her business without fear of some predator setting his sights on her, sadly we don’t.
There have been many studies done with various violent offenders over the years where information was gathered on how and why they committed their crimes. They were asked what their idea of a “good victim” was and overwhelmingly the response was someone who wouldn’t put up much of a fight.
Most criminals are cowards and this is why they prey on the weak. So your main goal for safety and this is for both men and women, is to not look like a good victim.
This means that you follow some simple life rules that can help to save you from falling prey to some scumbag when you are out and about.
1. Always be aware of your surroundings when walking, biking or jogging. This one thing alone can help to keep you safe but most people don’t heed this warning. You need to know who and what is going on around you. You do this by turning your head and looking around. Most criminals if they had to choose between a victim that was looking around and paying attention or someone who wasn’t, they will choose the latter.
2. Confidence is key. We all know that someone who is confident appears stronger. This needs to be you! Getting informed and being prepared is a good start to this.
3. Take up a martial art. It is great for your health, confidence, safety, and even family time. I know a family who started taking Kempo as a family and now they have all lost weight, the kids are doing better in school and I pity the fool that breaks into their house because the entire family can kick some serious butt! Its all pros and no cons in my eyes.
4. Get some self defense weapons. Be that pepper spray, stun gun or some type of key chain weapon, just make it something you will use. This also helps to boost confidence as well as help to give you the edge that may save your life one day should it be needed.
5. Lastly, follow your instincts. If you feel uneasy there may be a reason for it and better safe than sorry.
You can’t control everything that happens to you in life but you can take these simple steps to help to lower your odds of becoming a victim of crime.
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